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Currier and Ives
Currier and Ives was a successful American printmaking firm headed by Nathaniel Currier (1813–1888) and James Merritt Ives (1824–1895). Based in New York City from 1834 to 1907, the prolific firm produced prints from paintings by fine artists as black and white lithographs that were hand colored. Lithographic prints could be reproduced quickly and purchased inexpensively, and the firm called itself "the Grand Central Depot for Cheap and Popular Prints" and advertised its lithographs as "colored engravings for the people".
==Currier's early history==
Nathaniel Currier (1813–88) was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on March 27, 1813, the second of four children. His parents, Nathaniel and Hannah Currier, were distant cousins who lived a humble and spartan life. When Nathaniel was eight years old, tragedy struck. Nathaniel's father unexpectedly died, leaving Nathaniel and his eleven-year-old brother Lorenzo to provide for the family. In addition to their mother, Nathaniel and Lorenzo had to care for their six-year-old sister Elizabeth and two-year-old brother Charles. Nathaniel worked a series of odd jobs to support the family, and at fifteen, he started what would become a lifelong career when he apprenticed in the Boston lithography shop of William and John Pendleton.〔The Currier and Ives Foundation, ("The history of Currier & Ives" )〕 In 1833 at twenty years of age, he moved to Philadelphia to do contract work for M.E.D. Brown, a noted engraver and printer.〔Bob Brooke, ("The Enduring Appeal of Currier and Ives Prints" )〕 Currier's early lithographs were issued under the name of Stodart & Currier, a result of the partnership he created in 1834 with a local New York printmaker named Stodart. The two men specialized in "job" printing and made a variety of print products, including music manuscripts. Dissatisfied with the poor economic return of their business venture, Currier ended the partnership in 1835 and set up shop alone, working as "N. Currier, Lithographer" until 1856. In 1835, he created a lithograph that illustrated a fire sweeping through New York City's business district. The print of the Merchant's Exchange sold thousands of copies in four days. Realizing that there was a market for current news, Currier turned out several more disaster prints and other inexpensive lithographs that illustrated local and national events, such as "''Ruins of the Planter's Hotel, New Orleans, which fell at two O’clock on the Morning of May 15, 1835, burying 50 persons, 40 of whom Escaped with their Lives''.〔 He quickly gained a reputation as an accomplished lithographer.
In 1840, he produced "Awful Conflagration of the Steam Boat ''Lexington''", which was so successful that he was given a weekly insert in the ''New York Sun''. In this year, Currier's firm began to shift its focus from job printing to independent print publishing.〔(Biography ) at answers.com〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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